Purpose To provide evidence-based guidelines for early enteral nutrition (EEN) during
critical illness. Methods We aimed to compare EEN vs. early parenteral nutrition (PN) and vs …

Sepsis and septic shock are characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a
dysregulated host response to infection. The liver has a central role during sepsis, and is …

Following the new ESPEN Standard Operating Procedures, the previous guidelines to
provide best medical nutritional therapy to critically ill patients have been updated. These …

Background Whether the route of early feeding affects outcomes of patients with severe
critical illnesses is controversial. We hypothesised that outcomes were better with early first …

Neurological diseases are frequently associated with swallowing disorders and malnutrition.
Moreover, patients with neurological diseases are at increased risk of micronutrient …

Purpose We assessed the effects of early goal-directed nutrition (EGDN) vs. standard
nutritional care in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods We randomised acutely …

Background & aims In the newly emerged Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disaster,
little is known about the nutritional risks for critically ill patients. It is also unknown whether …

Recent definitions of malnutrition include low muscle mass within its diagnostic criteria. In
fact, malnutrition is one of the main risk factors of skeletal muscle loss contributing to the …

Purpose Acute gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and failure have been increasingly
recognized in critically ill patients. The variety of definitions proposed in the past has led to …

Importance Systematic reviews suggest adult patients in intensive care units (ICUs) with
relative contraindications to early enteral nutrition (EN) may benefit from parenteral nutrition …