The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins
consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine …

FGFR3 is a prognostic and predictive marker and is a validated therapeutic target in
urothelial bladder cancer. Its utility as a marker and target in the context of immunotherapy is …

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is the second most common form of OI, distinguished by
hyperplastic callus formation and calcification of the interosseous membranes, in addition to …

The development of the craniofacial skeleton relies on complex temporospatial organization
of diverse cell types by key signalling molecules. Even minor disruptions to these processes …

Achondroplasia is the most common form of human dwarfism. The molecular basis of
achondroplasia was elucidated in 1994 with the identification of the fibroblast growth factor …

Major achievements in bone research have always relied on animal models and in vitro
systems derived from patient and animal material. However, the use of animals in research …

The mechanisms that regulate growth and size of the regenerating limb in tetrapods such as
the Mexican axolotl are unknown. Upon the completion of the developmental stages of …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are expressed throughout all
stages of skeletal development. In the limb bud and in cranial mesenchyme, FGF signaling …

Hypochondroplasia (HCH) is a mild dwarfism caused by missense mutations in fibroblast
growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), with the majority of cases resulting from a heterozygous p …

Achondroplasia is the most common form of disproportionate short stature. A dominantly
inherited FGFR3 mutation permanently activates the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 …