Sensory information travels along feedforward connections through a hierarchy of cortical
areas, which, in turn, send feedback connections to lower-order areas. Feedback has been …

Neurons within a small (a few cubic millimeters) region of visual cortex respond to stimuli
within a restricted region of the visual field. Previous studies have characterized the …

Short-latency ocular following are reflexive, tracking eye movements that are observed in
human and non-human primates in response to a sudden and brief translation of the image …

Neural processing is hypothesized to apply the same mathematical operations in a variety of
contexts, implementing so-called canonical neural computations. Divisive normalization …

Antagonistic center–surround configurations are a central organizational principle of our
visual system. In visual cortex, stimulation outside the classical receptive field can decrease …

Background Previous studies have suggested that processing of visual contrast information
could be altered in major depressive disorder. To clarify the changes at different levels of the …

The responses of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) to stimulation of their receptive field
(RF) are modulated by stimuli in the RF surround. This modulation is suppressive when the …

In primary visual cortex (V1), neuronal responses to stimuli inside the receptive field (RF) are
usually suppressed by stimuli in the RF surround. This suppression is orientation specific …

The neuromodulator acetylcholine modulates spatial integration in visual cortex by altering
the balance of inputs that generate neuronal receptive fields. These cholinergic effects may …

Visual perception is abnormal in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. In addition to
hallucinations, laboratory tests show differences in fundamental visual processes including …