Background Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a recently discovered angiogenetic process
found in many malignant tumors, and is different from the traditional angiogenetic process …

Hypoxia induicible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor in cancer progression
and target therapy in cancer. HIF-1α acts differently depending on presence or absence of …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the highest-grade form of glioma, as well as one of the most
aggressive types of cancer, exhibiting rapid cellular growth and highly invasive behavior …

Tumor microenvironments are the result of cellular alterations in cancer that support
unrestricted growth and proliferation and result in further modifications in cell behavior …

Reactive species, which mainly include reactive oxygen species (ROS), are products
generated as a consequence of metabolic reactions in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells …

The tumor microenvironment is a complex system, playing an important role in tumor
development and progression. Besides cellular stromal components, extracellular matrix …

Glioblastomas are highly lethal cancers that contain cellular hierarchies with self-renewing
cancer stem cells that can propagate tumors in secondary transplant assays. The potential …

Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents remains a major challenge in the fierce battle
against cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of cells in tumors that …

Oxygen is an essential regulator of cellular metabolism, survival, and proliferation. Cellular
responses to oxygen levels are monitored, in part, by the transcriptional activity of the …

Possessing important advantages over conventional one-photon excited emission such as
great depth discrimination and reduced photo-damage, two-photon excited emission (TPE) …