Plant cells accumulate small RNA molecules that regulate plant development, genome
stability, and environmental responses. These small RNAs fall into three major classes …

Plant genomes encode various small RNAs that function in distinct, yet overlapping, genetic
and epigenetic silencing pathways. However, the abundance and diversity of small-RNA …

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a biological process in which non-coding RNA
molecules direct the addition of DNA methylation to specific DNA sequences. The RdDM …

Some pathogens and pests deliver small RNAs (sRNAs) into host cells to suppress host
immunity. Conversely, hosts also transfer sRNAs into pathogens and pests to inhibit their …

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is the major small RNA-mediated epigenetic
pathway in plants. RdDM requires a specialized transcriptional machinery that comprises …

Cytosine methylation is involved in various biological processes such as silencing of
transposable elements (TEs) and imprinting. Multiple pathways regulate DNA methylation in …

Regulatory small RNAs, which range in size from 20 to 24 nucleotides, are ubiquitous
components of endogenous plant transcriptomes, as well as common responses to …

RNA silencing is a central regulator of gene expression in most eukaryotes and acts both at
the transcriptional level through DNA methylation and at the post-transcriptional level …

In eukaryotic RNA silencing, RNase-III classes of enzymes in the Dicer family process
double-stranded RNA of cellular or exogenous origin into small-RNA (sRNA) molecules …

Plant genomes are the source of large numbers of small RNAs, generated via a variety of
genetically separable pathways. Several of these pathways converge in the production of …