This article reviews the mechanisms that lead to the development of Graves'
ophthalmopathy. A central feature in its development is autoimmunity that involves not only T …

Environmental, genetic, and immune factors are at play in the development of the variable
clinical manifestations of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Among the environmental …

The thyroid hormone (TH) system is involved in several important physiological processes,
including regulation of energy metabolism, growth and differentiation, development and …

The body's autoimmune process is involved in the development of Graves' disease (GD),
which is manifested by an overactive thyroid gland. In some patients, autoreactive …

Selecting the best targets is a key challenge for drug discovery, and achieving this
effectively, efficiently and systematically is particularly important for prioritizing candidates …

Graves' ophthalmopathy is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the orbit. The close
clinical and temporal relationships between Graves' hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy …

The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is a member of the glycoprotein hormone
receptors, a sub-group of class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). TSHR and its …

Allosteric regulation is critical for the functioning of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
and their signaling pathways. Endogenous allosteric regulators of GPCRs are simple ions …

The TSH receptor (TSHR) together with the homologous lutropin/choriogonadotropin
receptor and the follitropin receptor are glycoprotein hormone receptors (GPHRs). They …

Glycoprotein hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are heterodimeric proteins with a common α-subunit and …