Background: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of epilepsy treatment. Since 1989,
18 new AEDs have been licensed for clinical use and there are now 27 licensed AEDs in …

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are considered a
delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to drugs. They represent true medical emergencies …

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic
symptoms (DIHS/DRESS) is one example of a severe delayed T-cell–mediated adverse …

Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug with a narrow therapeutic index and large interpatient
pharmacokinetic variability, partly due to genetic variation in CYP2C9. Furthermore, the …

ABSTRACT Introduction: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the cornerstone of treatment of
patients with epilepsy, and there are presently 27 licensed AEDs making AEDs among the …

Drug hypersensitivity may manifest ranging from milder skin reactions (eg, maculopapular
exanthema and urticaria) to severe systemic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, drug reactions …

Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is a life-threatening,
immunologically mediated, and usually drug-induced disease with a high burden to …

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) encoded by the HLA gene is an important modulator for
immune responses and drug hypersensitivity reactions as well. Genetic polymorphisms of …

Individuals differ substantially in their response to pharmacological treatment. Personalized
medicine aspires to embrace these inter-individual differences and customize therapy by …

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a heterogeneous,
multiorgan and potentially life-threatening drug-hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) that occurs …