Plants have evolved sophisticated genetic and epigenetic regulatory systems to respond
quickly to unfavorable environmental conditions such as heat, cold, drought, and pathogen …

During plant-pathogen interactions, plants have to defend the living transposable elements
from pathogens. In response to such elements, plants activate a variety of defense …

Thiamine (vitamin B1) biosynthesis involves key enzymes known as thiazole moieties
(THI1/THI2), which have been shown to participate in plant responses to abiotic stress …

Auxin is a versatile plant growth regulator that triggers multiple signalling pathways at
different spatial and temporal resolutions. A plant cell is surrounded by the cell wall, a …

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism involved in antiviral defense, but the
strategies employed by plant viruses to counteract autophagy‐related defense remain …

Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) can be harnessed to sequence‐specifically degrade
host transcripts and induce heritable epigenetic modifications referred to as virus‐induced …

Members of the plant Dicer‐like (DCL) protein family are the critical components of the RNA‐
silencing pathway that mediates innate antiviral defence. The distinct antiviral role of each …

Background Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) is a severe threat to winter wheat and is
transmitted by Polymyxa graminis. The mechanisms of interactions between CWMV and …

Although the majority of plant viruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors and invade the
host plants through the aerial parts, there is a considerable number of plant viruses that …

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) induces in the field the decline and death of citrus varieties grafted
on sour orange (SO) rootstock, which has forced the use of alternative decline‐tolerant …