Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Traditional vaccines, based on the administration of killed or attenuated microorganisms,
have proven to be among the most effective methods for disease prevention. Safety issues …

Infectious diseases have for centuries ranked with wars and famine as major challenges to
human progress and survival. They remain among the leading causes of death and …

Abstract Antigen targeting,,,, and adjuvancy schemes, that respectively facilitate delivery of
antigen to dendritic cells and elicit their activation have been explored in vaccine …

Vaccines and autoimmunity are linked fields. Vaccine efficacy is based on whether host
immune response against an antigen can elicit a memory T-cell response over time …

Vaccines have always been the most effective preventive treatment. Advancements in the
field of vaccine is inseparable from adjuvants. Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines …

Naive T cells are stimulated by antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in secondary
lymphoid organs, but whether other types of cell participate in T cell priming is unclear. Here …

The development of novel immune adjuvants is emerging as a significant area of vaccine
delivery based on the continued necessity to amplify immune responses to a wide array of …

Thousands of literatures have described the diverse role of ginseng in physiological
processes such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, insulin resistance, and …

Liposomes (phospholipid bilayer vesicles) are versatile and robust delivery systems for
induction of antibody and T lymphocyte responses to associated subunit antigens. In the last …