Large-scale millennial length Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature reconstructions have
been progressively improved over the last 20 years as new datasets have been developed …

Past global climate changes had strong regional expression. To elucidate their spatio-
temporal pattern, we reconstructed past temperatures for seven continental-scale regions …

Past research argues for an internal multidecadal (40-to 60-year) oscillation distinct from
climate noise. Recent studies have claimed that this so-termed Atlantic Multidecadal …

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

This chapter assesses the causes of observed changes assessed in Chapters 2 to 5 and
uses understanding of physical processes, climate models and statistical approaches. The …

The evolution of industrial-era warming across the continents and oceans provides a context
for future climate change and is important for determining climate sensitivity and the …

Climate Variability and Change since 850 CE: An Ensemble Approach with the Community
Earth System Model in: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Volume 97 Issue 5 (2016) …

There is large uncertainty about the magnitude of warming and how rainfall patterns will
change in response to any given scenario of future changes in atmospheric composition and …

Abstract The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process
agreed in Paris to limit global surface temperature rise to “well below 2° C above pre …

The spatial context is critical when assessing present-day climate anomalies, attributing
them to potential forcings and making statements regarding their frequency and severity in a …