It is estimated that 2% to 3% of the population are currently prescribed systemic or topical
glucocorticoid treatment. The potent anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids to deliver …

Resistant hypertension is a common clinical problem faced by both primary care clinicians
and specialists. While the exact prevalence of resistant hypertension is unknown, clinical …

The daily rhythm of cortisol secretion is relatively stable and primarily under the influence of
the circadian clock. Nevertheless, several other factors affect hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal …

Context: Pituitary ACTH-dependent Cushing's disease (CD) is uncommon, and there are
very limited data on long-term mortality. Objective: The aim was to summarize what is known …

Pituitary disease is associated with increased mortality predominantly due to vascular
disease. Control of cortisol secretion and GH hypersecretion (and cardiovascular risk factor …

Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a severe condition that results from chronic exposure to
elevated circulating cortisol levels; it is a rare but potentially life-threating condition …

Glucocorticoids modulate the secretion of growth hormone (GH) by various and competing
effects on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The final effects of this modulation depend …

An impaired glucose metabolism, which often leads to the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM), is
a common complication of chronic exposure to exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoid …

The secondary occurrence of type 2 diabetes with various hormonal diseases (eg pituitary,
adrenal and/or thyroid diseases) is a recurrent observation. Indeed, impaired glucose …

Context: A number of retrospective studies report that patients with acromegaly have
increased morbidity and premature mortality, with standardized mortality ratios (SMR) of 1.3 …