Differences between males and females in the optimal phenotype that is favoured by
selection can be resolved by the evolution of differential gene expression in the two sexes …

Methods of transcriptional profiling have made it possible to compare gene expression
between females and males on a genome-wide scale. Such studies have revealed that sex …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis
and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination …

Current theory proposes that degenerated sex chromosomes—such as the mammalian Y—
evolve through three steps:(i) recombination arrest, linking male-beneficial alleles to the Y …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed small RNAs that regulate expression of
mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. The consequence of miRNA regulation is …

Background Vertebrates share the same general body plan and organs, possess related
sets of genes, and rely on similar physiological mechanisms, yet show great diversity in …

A large portion of the annotated genes in Drosophila melanogaster show sex-biased
expression, indicating that sex and reproduction-related genes (SRR genes) represent an …

Differences in gene expression are an important source of phenotypic variation, and can be
caused by changes in cis and/or trans regulation. cis-regulatory variants alter allele-specific …

Population genetics theory predicts that X (or Z) chromosomes could play disproportionate
roles in speciation and evolutionary divergence, and recent genome-wide analyses have …

Changes in gene regulation have likely played an important role in the evolution of primates.
Differences in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels across primates have often been …