Introduction Shrub promotes the survival, growth and reproduction of understory species by
buffering the environmental extremes and improving limited resources (ie, facilitation effect) …

Shrub-dominated ecosystems cover large areas globally and play essential roles in
ecological processes. Aboveground biomass expressed on an area basis (AGB) is central to …

Restoration programmes that promote the functioning of restored ecosystems are in urgent
demand. Although several biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have …

Semi-arid environments characterized by low rainfall are subject to soil desertification
processes. These environments have heterogeneous landscapes with patches of vegetation …

Intensive greenhouse vegetable production is one of the most important economic activities
in south-east Spain. Agricultural intensification has limited the application of organic matter …

Soil organisms are abundant, phylogenetically and functionally diverse, and interact to
catalyse and regulate critical soil processes. Understanding what structures belowground …

Competition and facilitation among plants are an important part of the mechanisms
regulating the responses of species, communities, and ecosystems to environmental …

Background and aims Plant interactions with soil microbes are important drivers of
biodiversity and dynamics of alpine plant communities. However, little is known about the …

In Mediterranean climates, drought is recognized as the main abiotic stress negatively
affecting plant survival and growth after establishment. However, several factors besides …

Despite the expected co‐occurrence of effects from resident species, the environment, and
disturbance on non‐natives, these factors have largely been treated as acting separately …