We undertake a meta‐analysis of the effects of international investment agreements for the
protection of foreign investors on foreign direct investment using 2107 estimates drawn from …

Investment treaties are some of the most controversial but least understood instruments of
global economic governance. Public interest in international investment arbitration is …

This paper investigates potential Granger causality among the real GDP, real exports and
inward FDI in Least Developed Countries for the period between 1970 and 2009. A new …

Modern investment treaties give private arbitrators power to determine whether governments
should pay compensation to foreign investors for a wide range of sovereign acts. In recent …

This study investigates the causality relationships among the economic freedom, foreign
direct investment (FDI), and economic growth for top FDI attracting countries during 1995 …

This paper reviews the relationship between international investment agreements (IIAs) and
foreign direct investment (FDI). It is organised in two parts. The first part explores the generic …

The previous literature provides a highly ambiguous picture on the impact of trade and
investment agreements on FDI. Most empirical studies ignore the actual content of BITs and …

Research Summary: We investigate the extent to which firms rely on supranational
institutional safeguards versus their non‐market capabilities to offset the risks of investing …

This research attempts to explore the scale (trade openness), composition (export
concentration) and technique effect (economic complexity) of international trade on energy …

The multilateralisation of regionalism takes different forms when applied to deep versus
shallow regional trade agreements (RTAs). Shallow agreements focus on discriminatory …