Environmental Context. The chemical speciation of trace metals greatly influences their
biological effects. Nonetheless, no clear consensus currently exists as to when metal …

Environmental context The concentration of a free metal cation has proved to be a useful
predictor of metal bioaccumulation and toxicity, as represented by the free ion activity and …

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been frequently investigated for its resistance to metals;
however, few studies have systematically compared the intracellular and extracellular …

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form an interface between microalgae and the
surrounding water environment. Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients but …

The intracellular silver accumulation ({Ag} in) upon exposure to carbonate coated silver
nanoparticles (AgNP, 0.5–10 μM, average diameter 29 nm) and silver nitrate (20–500 nM) …

Exopolymeric substances (EPS) have an important role in bioaccumulation and toxicity of
nanoparticles (NPs) to algae, which warrants specific studies. The interaction of EPS with …

The bioavailability of a small silver nanoparticle (nAg; nominal size of 5 nm with a
polyacrylate coating) by the green alga C. reinhardtii was investigated in order to assess the …

Little information could be consulted on the impacts of micro-plastics as carriers on toxicity of
heavy metals, especially for micro-plastics of different sizes. Therefore, this study …

When nanoparticles can enter a unicellular organism directly, how may they affect the
bioaccumulation and toxicity of other pollutants already present in the environment? To …

Although it has been well established that different species of marine algae have different
sensitivities to metals, our understanding of the physiological and biochemical basis for …