The emerging links between our gut microbiome and the central nervous system are
regarded as a paradigm shift in neuroscience with possible implications for not only …

The traditional fields of pharmacology and toxicology are beginning to consider the
substantial impact our gut microbiota has on host physiology. The microbiota-gut-brain axis …

Background and Aim: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex and heterogeneous
disorder. Sensory, motor and barrier dysfunctions are the key physiological endophenotypes …

Objective Intestinal permeability and psychological stress have been implicated in the
pathophysiology of IBD and IBS. Studies in animals suggest that stress increases …

The accumulating knowledge of the host-microbiota interplay gives rise to the microbiota-gut-
brain (MGB) axis. The MGB axis depicts the interkingdom communication between the gut …

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by chronic complaints
arising from disorganized brain-gut interactions leading to dysmotility and hypersensitivity …

Background & Aims Many patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have ongoing
bowel symptoms of diarrhea or abdominal pain despite mucosal healing. We investigated …

The purposeful application of fermentation in food and beverage preparation, as a means to
provide palatability, nutritional value, preservative, and medicinal properties, is an ancient …

Various peripheral mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel
syndrome, including intraluminal intestinal irritants, alteration in the bowel microbiome …

Compelling evidence indicates sex and gender differences in epidemiology,
symptomatology, pathophysiology, and treatment outcome in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) …