Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

Protein engineering through machine-learning-guided directed evolution enables the
optimization of protein functions. Machine-learning approaches predict how sequence maps …

Abstract Machine and deep learning approaches can leverage the increasingly available
massive datasets of protein sequences, structures, and mutational effects to predict variants …

Protein stability predictions are becoming essential in medicine to develop novel
immunotherapeutic agents and for drug discovery. Despite the large number of …

Enzymes are the natural catalysts that execute biochemical reactions upholding life. Their
natural effectiveness has been fine-tuned as a result of millions of years of natural evolution …

Natural enzymes are delicate biomolecules possessing only marginal thermodynamic
stability. Poorly stable, misfolded, and aggregated proteins lead to huge economic losses in …

Biosystems such as enzymes, pathways, and whole cells have been increasingly explored
for biotechnological applications. However, the intricate connectivity and resulting …

A number of machine learning (ML)-based algorithms have been proposed for predicting
mutation-induced stability changes in proteins. In this critical review, we used hypothetical …

Thermostable proteins find their use in numerous biomedical and biotechnological
applications. However, the computational design of stable proteins often results in single …

The use of enzymes for industrial and biomedical applications is limited to their function at
elevated temperatures. The principles of thermostability engineering need to be …