Toscana virus (TOSV) is an emerging arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) of medical
importance that is increasing its range across much of the Mediterranean Basin, Europe and …

Our understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of plant negative-stranded RNA viruses
(NSVs) has lagged behind those made with positive-stranded RNA and DNA virus …

Toscana virus (TOSV)(Bunyavirales, Phenuiviridae, Phlebovirus, Toscana phlebovirus) and
other related human pathogenic arboviruses are transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies …

Rice stripe virus (RSV), a tenuivirus with four negative-sense/ambisense genome segments,
is one of the most devastating viral pathogens affecting rice production in many Asian …

Highlights•Summary of the currently established reverse genetics approaches for
bunyaviruses.•Review of bunyavirus virulence factors determined by reverse …

Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) and Toscana virus (TOSV) are two pathogenic arthropod-
borne viruses responsible for zoonotic infections in both humans and animals; as such, they …

Accepted 15 October 2024; Published 07 November 2024 Author affiliations: 1School of
Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 2Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU) …

Toscana virus (TOSV), belonging to Phenuiviridae family, is circulating in most
Mediterranean countries and is transmitted to humans by infected female sand flies. While …

Andes Virus (ANDV) non-lytically infects pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells
(PMECs) causing a severe capillary leak syndrome termed Hantavirus Pulmonary …

TOSV is considered the most common cause of summer viral meningitis in central Italy and
France, and is responsible for potentially severe neurological cases. However, very few …