Myopia is the most common eye disorder, caused by heterogeneous genetic and
environmental factors. Rare progressive and stationary inherited retinal disorders are often …

Ca V 1.1 is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle where it functions as voltage sensor of
skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling independently of its functions as L-type …

Recent success in functional recovery by photoreceptor precursor transplantation in
dysfunctional retina has led to an increased interest in using embryonic stem cell (ESC) or …

Throughout the CNS, interactions between pre-and postsynaptic adhesion molecules
establish normal synaptic structure and function. Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain …

In the mammalian retina, horizontal cells receive glutamatergic inputs from many rod and
cone photoreceptors and return feedback signals to them, thereby changing photoreceptor …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by X-linked inherited or de novo DMD gene
mutations predominantly affecting males who develop early-onset muscle degeneration …

Retinal bipolar cells (BCs) compose the canonical vertical excitatory pathway that conveys
photoreceptor output to inner retinal neurons. Although synaptic transmission from BC …

Scope Peanut stem and leaf (PSL), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used as a
dietary supplement to improve sleep quality; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear …

Vision in dim light depends on synapses between rods and rod bipolar cells (RBCs). Here,
we find that these synapses exist in multiple configurations, in which single release sites of …

The first retinal synapse, photoreceptor→ bipolar cell (BC), is both anatomically and
functionally complex. Within the same synaptic region, a change in presynaptic glutamate …