Amphibian skin is not to be considered a mere tegument; it has a multitude of functions
related to respiration, osmoregulation, and thermoregulation, thus allowing the individuals to …

For over a century, frogs have been studied across various scientific fields, including
physiology, embryology, neuroscience,(neuro) endocrinology, ecology, genetics …

Avoiding predation is critical to survival of animals; chemical defenses represent a common
strategy among amphibians. In this study, we examined histologically the morphology of skin …

Amphibians have many skin poison glands used in passive defense, in which the aggressor
causes its own poisoning when biting prey. In some amphibians the skin glands accumulate …

A key component of amphibian antipredator strategies is the chemical defenses that make
them toxic and/or distasteful, like the cardiotoxic bufadienolides synthesized by the true …

The adaptation of amphibians to diverse environments is closely related to the
characteristics of their skin. The complex glandular system of frog skin plays a pivotal role in …

Toads are considered poisonous animals since they have a passive mode of defence
relying on cutaneous poison glands, differently from venomous animals who can inject …

This study investigated the morphology of Rhinella crucifer cutaneous glands, as well as the
protein/peptide profiles and bioactivities of body gland secretions (BGS) and parotoid …

In this study, the development of integument and cutaneous glands in the toad Rhinella
granulosa (Bufonidae) at different larval stages and in postmetamorphic and adult forms was …

The integuments of ten treefrog species of two genera from Scinaxnae-O. angrensis (Lutz,
1973), O. flavoguttata (Lutz & Lutz, 1939), O. humilis (Lutz & Lutz, 1954), O. perpusilla (Lutz …