For an infectious disease such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to spread,
contact needs to be established between an infected host and a susceptible one. In a range …

Breaking waves modulate the transfer of energy, momentum, and mass between the ocean
and atmosphere, controlling processes critical to the climate system, from gas exchange of …

Microplastics (MPs) in marine and terrestrial environments have been intensively studied,
but the dynamics of airborne MPs remains limited. Existing studies on atmospheric MPs are …

Airborne microplastics (MPs) are receiving increasing attention due to their ubiquitous
nature and the potential human health consequences resulting from inhalation. The limited …

The COVID-19 pandemic has strikingly demonstrated how important it is to develop
fundamental knowledge related to the generation, transport and inhalation of pathogen …

Aerosols of biological origin play a vital role in the Earth system, particularly in the
interactions between atmosphere, biosphere, climate, and public health. Airborne bacteria …

We investigate air entrainment and bubble statistics in three-dimensional breaking waves
through novel direct numerical simulations of the two-phase air–water flow, resolving the …

The oceans represent a significant global source of atmospheric aerosols. Sea spray
aerosol (SSA) particles comprise sea salts and organic species in varying proportions. In …

Tiny water drops produced from bubble bursting play a critical role in forming clouds,
scattering sunlight, and transporting pathogens from water to the air. Bubbles burst by …

Sea state information is needed for many applications, ranging from safety at sea and on the
coast, for which real time data are essential, to planning and design needs for infrastructure …