The vascular blood–brain barrier is a highly regulated interface between the blood and
brain. Its primary function is to protect central neurons while signaling the presence of …

The blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB), a physical barrier between the blood and spinal cord
parenchyma, prevents the toxins, blood cells, and pathogens from entering the spinal cord …

Swelling of the brain or spinal cord (CNS edema) affects millions of people every year. All
potential pharmacological interventions have failed in clinical trials, meaning that symptom …

The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small, integral membrane proteins that facilitate water
transport across the plasma membranes of cells in response to osmotic gradients. Data from …

The aquaporins (AQPs) are plasma membrane water-transporting proteins. AQP4 is the
principal member of this protein family in the CNS, where it is expressed in astrocytes and is …

Neuromyelitis optica is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS. The discovery of
circulating IgG1 antibodies against the astrocyte water channel protein aquaporin 4 (AQP4) …

Spinal cord injury is currently incurable and treatment is limited to minimising secondary
complications and maximising residual function by rehabilitation. Improved understanding of …

The blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is the functional equivalent of the blood–brain barrier
(BBB) in the sense of providing a specialized microenvironment for the cellular constituents …

The aquaporins are a family of membrane water channels, some of which also transport
glycerol. They are involved in a wide range of physiological functions (including water/salt …

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water transporting protein expressed at
the plasma membrane of astrocytes throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Analysis …