The underrepresentation of women and racial and ethnic minorities in computer science
(CS) and other fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) is a serious …

Will you be going to that networking lunch? Will you be tempted by a donut at 4 pm? Will you
be doing homework at 9 pm? If, like many people, your responses are based on your gut …

African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans aspire to do well in school but often fall
short of this goal. We use identity‐based motivation theory as an organizing framework to …

Are people motivated by ease and sapped by difficulty, or the reverse, does ease undermine
motivation while difficulty bolsters it? Following identity-based motivation theory, whether …

Difficulty is an under‐appreciated but powerful motivational force. As outlined by identity‐
based motivation (IBM) theory, a social cognition theory of self, self‐regulation, and goal …

Community college students are less likely to graduate than university students, perhaps
because their difficult life circumstances increase their vulnerability to misinterpreting the …

Does experiencing difficulty bolster or undermine future self-images, strategies to get there
and actual performance? We build on four insights from prior research to predict that …

Difficulty can signal low odds (impossibility) and high value (importance). We build on
culture-as-situated cognition theory's description of culture-based fluency and disfluency to …

When imagining their futures, people can prioritize getting there the easy way, prefer more
demanding paths, or be indifferent to means and focus only on making progress. Identity …

We build on identity-based motivation theory to integrate research on in-person and virtual
learning environments so that we can articulate which features of virtual learning …