Behavioural plasticity is a major driver in the early stages of adaptation, but its effects in
mediating evolution remain elusive because behavioural plasticity itself can evolve. In this …

Phenotypic plasticity is critical for organismal performance and can evolve in response to
natural selection. Brain morphology is often developmentally plastic, affecting animal …

Traits often do not evolve in isolation or vary independently of other traits. Instead, they can
be affected by covariation, both within and across species. However, the importance of …

Introduction Comparative studies of brain anatomy between closely related species have
been very useful in demonstrating selective changes in brain structure. Within-species …

Laboratory experiments suggest that reversible changes in the heart ventricle phenotype of
fish accompany acclimation to temperature change to maintain cardiac function, but related …

Environmental conditions can modulate the phenotype of an organism through evolutionary
and plastic developmental mechanisms, with potential energetic consequences due to …