During the generation of a successful adaptive immune response, multiple molecular
signals are required. A primary signal is the binding of cognate antigen to an antigen …

The identification and characterization of regulatory T (TReg) cells that can control immune
responsiveness to alloantigens have opened up exciting opportunities for new therapies in …

Development of the acquired immune response is dependent on the signaling of CD40 by
its ligand, CD154. These molecules govern both the magnitude and quality of humoral-and …

Abstract Treatment with HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PI) is associated with a reduced incidence
or regression of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Here we show that systemic administration of the PIs …

Primary T cell activation requires B7-CD28 and CD40-CD154 costimulation, but effector T
cell functions are considered to be largely independent of these costimulatory pathways …

Antigens, provided by the allograft, trigger the activation and proliferation of allospecific T
cells. As a consequence of this response, effector elements are generated that mediate graft …

Despite evidence that human non-hematopoietic cells, such as vascular endothelium, can
activate allogeneic T lymphocytes in vitro, the prevailing view has been that hematopoietic …

Self-reactive T cells that escape negative selection in the thymus must be inactivated in the
periphery. Anergy constitutes one means of imposing peripheral tolerance. Anergic T cells …

Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional treatments such as
surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have had limited efficacy, especially with late stage …

Background. A balanced network of positive and negative T-cell co-stimulatory signals is
important in regulating T-cell activation. Blocking CD28, CD154 (CD40L), or both co …