Otoliths in bony fishes play an important role in the senses of balance and hearing. Otolith
mass and shape are, among others, likely to be decisive factors influencing otolith motion …

Vestibular epithelia of the inner ear detect head motions over a wide range of amplitudes
and frequencies. In mammals, afferent nerve fibers from central and peripheral zones of …

The mammalian cochlea is a remarkable sensory organ, capable of perceiving sound over a
range of 1012 in pressure, and discriminating both infrasonic and ultrasonic frequencies in …

The asymmetric location of stereociliary bundle (hair bundle) on the apical surface of
mechanosensory hair cells (HCs) dictates the direction in which a given HC can respond to …

The positional cues for formation of individual inner ear components are dependent on pre-
established axial information conferred by inductive signals from tissues surrounding the …

Lampreys are a key species to study the evolution of morphological characters at the dawn
of Craniates and throughout the evolution of the craniate's phylum. Here, we review a …

The tetrapod auditory system transmits sound through the outer and middle ear to the organ
of Corti or other sound pressure receivers of the inner ear where specialized hair cells …

Ciliated sensory cells such as photo-and olfactory receptors employ multiple types of opsins
or hundreds of unique olfactory G-protein coupled receptors to respond to various …

Jawed vertebrates have inner ears with three semicircular canals, the presence of which has
been used as a key to understanding evolutionary relationships. Ostracoderms, the jawless …

CHARGE syndrome is caused by mutations in the CHD7 gene. Several organ systems
including the retina, cranial nerves, inner ear and heart are affected in CHARGE syndrome …