This article presents an overview of the developments in stainless steels made since the
1990s. Some of the new applications that involve the use of stainless steel are also …

PEM fuel cells are of prime interest in transportation applications due to their relatively high
efficiency and low pollutant emissions. Bipolar plates are the key components of these …

Abstract Stainless steel, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys have played an important role in many
industrial sectors to combat environmental degradation. However, low hardness and poor …

Extensive research efforts are underway globally to develop new steel microstructure
concepts for high-strength sheet products, driven largely by the need for lightweight …

Austenitic stainless steels are employed in many industrial fields, due to their excellent
corrosion resistance, easy formability and weldability. However, their low hardness, poor …

Low-temperature treatments have become a valuable method for improving the surface
hardness of stainless steels, and thus their tribological properties, without impairing their …

Low-temperature thermochemical treatments are particularly suitable for use in the surface
hardening of austenitic stainless steels without impairing their corrosion resistance. In fact …

Low-temperature gas-phase carburization has been used to generate very high surface
interstitial carbon contents, up to∼ 12at.%, in a 316L austenitic stainless steel. The high …

Nitrogen-expanded austenite (γ N), also known as S phase, is a metastable, interstitial
supersaturated phase, that has been extensively studied on AISI 304/316 stainless steel …

Surface engineering represents the technically attractive and economically viable method
aimed at improving the superficial layer of materials. Since the material surface controls the …