As the need of automation increases significantly, a control system needs to be easily
programmable, flexible, reliable, robust and cost effective. In this paper a review on the …

Delay time of any combinational or sequential circuit realized in field programmable gate
array (FPGA) is the propagation delay of the circuit. Researchers attempt to develop …

A programmable logic controller (PLC) executes a ladder diagram (LD) using input and
output modules. An LD also has PID controller function blocks. It contains as many PID …

Any arithmetic operation can be performed using the method of Reversible process which
allows minimum arithmetic execution. An essential scenario for achieving this condition is …

The paper adheres to the importance of testing, test vectors required, and turnover time for
logic circuits like adders. Complex circuits result in the least wire-to-wire interconnection that …

Programmable logic controller (PLC) is connected with analog and digital input and output
modules to process physical variables which are to be maintained at the desired values …

Proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control is a commonly utilized feedback control
technique in engineering systems to regulate a process. It is especially favored in …

Powerful advantages of programmable logic controller (PLC) dominate process industries.
Scan time of PLC increases with the number of inputs, rungs added in ladder diagram (LD) …

Advanced CMOS devices are a critical issue due to the shrinking process of the size of the
transistor. The number of transistors packed in an IC increases with the latest technology …