Central sensitization represents an enhancement in the function of neurons and circuits in
nociceptive pathways caused by increases in membrane excitability and synaptic efficacy as …

Glia plays a crucial role in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis in the central nervous
system. The microglial production of immune factors is believed to play an important role in …

The transcription factor NF-κB has diverse functions in the nervous system, depending on
the cellular context. NF-κB is constitutively activated in glutamatergic neurons. Knockout of …

The microglia, once thought only to be supporting cells of the central nervous system (CNS),
are now recognized to play essential roles in many pathologies. Many studies within the last …

Interleukin (IL)-18 is an important regulator of innate and acquired immune responses. Here
we show that both the IL-18 and IL-18 receptor (IL-18R), which are induced in spinal dorsal …

Evidence indicates that central glial activation depends on nerve inputs from the site of injury
and release of chemical mediators. Hematogenous immune cells may migrate to/infiltrate …

Peripheral nerve lesion leads to the production of interleukin 6 (IL‐6)‐related neuropoietic
cytokines involved in nerve protection and regeneration. This family of cytokines mainly …

Several studies indicate that the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB)‐activation cascade plays a
crucial role not only in immune responses, inflammation, and apoptosis but also in the …

Neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury, associated with local neuroinflammation in
the spinal cord, is a severe incapacitating condition with which clinical treatment remains …

Intracellular pathways related to cell survival regulate neuronal physiology during
development and neurodegenerative disorders. One of the pathways that have recently …