This paper reviews recent advances and current debates in modeling the solar cycle as a
hydromagnetic dynamo process. Emphasis is placed on (relatively) simple dynamo models …

A review of solar cycle prediction methods and their performance is given, including early
forecasts for Cycle 25. The review focuses on those aspects of the solar cycle prediction …

Sunspot observations are available in fairly good numbers since 1610, after the invention of
the telescope. This review is concerned with those sunspot observations of which longer …

We describe the defining observations of the solar cycle that provide constraints for the
dynamo processes operating within the Sun. Specifically, we report on the following topics …

From sunspot drawings provided by the Kanzelhöhe Solar Observatory, Austria, and the
Skalnaté Pleso Observatory, Slovak Republic, we extracted a data catalogue of hemispheric …

Sunspots are cool areas caused by strong surface magnetic fields that inhibit convection,.
Moreover, strong magnetic fields can alter the average atmospheric structure, degrading our …

Over the past several decades, Flux-Transport Dynamo (FTD) models have emerged as a
popular paradigm for explaining the cyclic nature of solar magnetic activity. Their defining …

Context. Solar magnetic activity shows both smooth secular changes, such as the modern
Grand Maximum, and quite abrupt drops that are denoted as grand minima, such as the …

Traditionally, the solar activity cycle is thought as an interplay of the main dipole component
of the solar poloidal magnetic field and the toroidal magnetic field. However, the real picture …

Solar magnetic activity varies with time in the two hemispheres in different ways. The
hemispheric interconnection of solar activity phenomena provides an important clue to …