Life expectancy has increased by three decades since the mid-twentieth century. Parallel
healthspan expansion has however not followed, largely impeded by the pandemic of …

Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …

Abstract Interpretation of clinical trials comparing different drug regimens for Parkinson's
disease (PD) is complicated by the different dose intensities used: higher doses of levodopa …

Parkinson disease is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2–
3% of the population≥ 65 years of age. Neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, which causes …

Clinical trials using cells derived from embryonic ventral mesencephalon have shown that
transplanted dopaminergic neurons can survive and function in the long term, as …

Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by loss of the A9 nigral neurons that provide
dopaminergic innervation to the striatum. This discovery led to the successful instigation of …

The potential to generate virtually any differentiated cell type from embryonic stem cells
(ESCs) offers the possibility to establish new models of mammalian development and to …

Thirty‐four patients with advanced Parkinson's disease participated in a prospective 24‐
month double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of fetal nigral transplantation. Patients were …

Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the motor
symptoms of bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity and postural instability. However, non-motor …

Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor with
restorative effects in a wide variety of rodent and primate models of Parkinson disease, but …