Executive summary Despite substantial progress in reducing the global impact of many non-
communicable diseases, including heart disease and cancer, morbidity and mortality due to …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health issue with high social and
economic costs. Concomitant chronic cardiac disorders are frequent in patients with COPD …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifaceted disease in which the
pulmonary vessels are often affected (1, 2). Mild pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common …

The clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension (PH) has guided diagnosis and
treatment of patients with PH for several decades. Discoveries relating to underlying …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play important roles not only in the physiological
functions of the blood vessels, such as vasoconstriction, vasodilatation and extracellular …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by
peribronchial fibrosis. The chronic course of COPD is worsened by recurrent acute …

Purpose Quantitative computed tomography (CT) measures are increasingly being
developed and used to characterize lung disease. With recent advances in CT technologies …

Recently, the therapeutic potential of immune-modulation during the progression of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been attracting increasing interest. However …

Background COPD is a complex, heterogeneous disease characterised by progressive
development of airflow limitation. Spirometry provides little information about key aspects of …

Rationale Severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) is very uncommon in COPD, and a distinct
phenotype has been hypothesised. We aimed to evaluate whether CT can help to recognise …