Compelling evidence exists for pervasive sex differences in pathological conditions,
including anxiety and depressive disorders, with females more than twice as likely to be …

There is now strong evidence for sex differences in pain and analgesia. These differences
imply that gonadal steroid hormones such as estradiol and testosterone modulate sensitivity …

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are localized to many sites within the cell, potentially contributing
to overall estrogen action. In the nucleus, estrogen mainly modulates gene transcription, and …

Ligands for the nuclear receptor superfamily have at least two mechanisms of action:(a)
classical transcriptional regulation of target genes (genomic mechanisms); and (b) non …

Ovarian hormones have a significant effect on the central nervous system of female
migraineurs. Reproductive milestones such as menarche, pregnancy, and menopause are …

The main estrogens: estradiol, estrone, and their acyl-esters have been studied essentially
related to their classical estrogenic and pharmacologic functions. However, their main effect …

Estrogens exert a wide variety of actions on reproductive and non-reproductive functions.
These effects are mediated by slow and long lasting genomic as well as rapid and transient …

▪ Abstract The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in estrogens and their activity in
the central nervous system, which was originally believed to be restricted to the control of …

Hormonal ligands for the nuclear receptor superfamily have at least two interacting
mechanisms of action: 1) classical transcriptional regulation of target genes (genomic …

The estrogen receptor (ER) is the single most powerful predictor of breast cancer prognosis
as well as an important contributor to the biology of carcinogenesis. In addition, endocrine …