Tropicalization is a term used to describe the transformation of temperate ecosystems by
poleward‐moving tropical organisms in response to warming temperatures. In North …

Climate change is expected to drive increased tree mortality through drought, heat stress,
and insect attacks, with manifold impacts on forest ecosystems. Yet, climate‐induced tree …

Abstract Purpose of Review Climate change affects populations of forest insect pests in a
number of ways. We reviewed the most recent literature (2013–2017) on this subject …

Future anthropogenic-induced changes to the earth's climate will likely include increases in
temperature and changes in precipitation that will increase the frequency and severity of …

Fossils document the existence of trees and wood-associated organisms from almost 400
million years ago, and today there are between 400,000 and 1 million wood-inhabiting …

Severe droughts have been associated with regional‐scale forest mortality worldwide.
Climate change is expected to exacerbate regional mortality events; however, prediction …

About one‐third of North America is forested. These forests are of incalculable value to
human society in terms of harvested resources and ecosystem services and are sensitive to …

Each disturbance has both social and economic effects (Table 1). Estimating the costs of
each of these disturbances is very difficult; these estimates for the United States are …

No species occurs everywhere. Indeed, the majority are absent from most places, and where
they do occur they are usually quite rare. Gaston discusses the structure of these …

Forest insects and pathogens are the most pervasive and important agents of disturbance in
North American forests, affecting an area almost 50 times larger than fire and with an …