This review presents a comprehensive compilation of toxicological and environmental data,
further used to assess the ecological risk (ERA) of the 11 EU approved antifouling biocides …

Biofouling is the undesirable accumulation of living organisms and their metabolites on
submerged surfaces. Biofouling begins with adhesion of biomacromolecules and/or …

Fouling of maritime infrastructure is pervasive due to abundant biological and chemical
activity within the oceanic environment. Marine biofilms and their successional growths are …

Background The hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) is widely distributed in the
temperate seas of East Asia and is an important commercial bivalve in China. Chromosome …

Microalgae, as the most promising raw material for biodiesel, can absorb and transform N, P,
and organic matter in wastewater into cell components such as oil, carbohydrate, and …

Biofouling is a major concern to the maritime industry. Biofouling increases fuel
consumption, accelerates corrosion, clogs membranes and pipes, and reduces the …

The microbial world represents a phenomenal diversity of microorganisms from different
kingdoms of life, which occupy an impressive set of ecological niches. Most, if not all …

Marine biofilms are known to influence the corrosion of metal surfaces in the marine
environment. Despite some recent research, the succession of bacterial communities …

Echinoderms are a common component of benthic marine ecosystems, with many being
ecologically and/or economically important. Like many marine organisms, most …

Larval settlement and metamorphosis is essential for the development of marine
invertebrates. Although polysaccharides are involved in larval settlement and …