Interferons (IFNs) are among the first vertebrate immune pathways activated upon viral
infection and are crucial for control of viral replication and dissemination, especially at …

The intestinal microbiota comprises diverse fungal and viral components, in addition to
bacteria. These microbes interact with the immune system and affect human physiology …

Noroviruses are genetically diverse RNA viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in
mammalian hosts. Phylogenetically, they can be segregated into different genogroups as …

Type III IFNs, or IFN-λ, are the newest members of the IFN family and were long believed to
play roles that were redundant with those of type I IFNs. However, IFN-λ displays unique …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers cytokine-
mediated inflammation, leading to a myriad of clinical presentations in COVID-19. The SARS …

Tuft cells are found in tissues with distinct stem cell compartments, tissue architecture, and
luminal exposures but converge on a shared transcriptional program, including expression …

Human noroviruses are recognised as the major global cause of viral gastroenteritis. Here,
we provide an overview of notable advances in norovirus research and provide a short …

Although tuft cells were discovered over 60 years ago, their functions have long been
enigmatic, especially in human health. Nonetheless, tuft cells have recently emerged as key …

Antiviral responses of interferons (IFNs) are crucial in the host immune response, playing a
relevant role in controlling viralw infections. Three types of IFNs, type I (IFN-α, IFN-β), II (IFN …

In the genome of SARS-CoV-2, the 5′-terminus encodes a polyprotein, which is further
cleaved into 15 non-structural proteins whereas the 3′ terminus encodes four structural …