Pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis are the most genetically well-defined programmed
cell death (PCD) pathways, and they are intricately involved in both homeostasis and …

Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of
biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical …

Intracellular bacterial pathogens cause a wide range of diseases and significantly contribute
to the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases worldwide (1‐16)(Table 1) …

Efferocytosis, the process by which dying or dead cells are removed by phagocytosis, has
an important role in development, tissue homeostasis and innate immunity. Efferocytosis is …

Regulated cell death occurs in many forms, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis,
and NETosis. Most obviously, the purpose of these pathways is to kill the cell. However …

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen. Infections
in humans can lead to listeriosis, a systemic disease with a high mortality rate. One …

Plasma membrane integrity is essential for the viability of eukaryotic cells. In response to
bacterial pore-forming toxins, disrupted regions of the membrane are rapidly repaired …

Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterium that lives in aquatic
environments where it parasitizes amoeba. However, upon inhalation of contaminated …

Innate immune cells, epithelial cells, and many other cell types are capable of detecting
infection or tissue injury, thus mounting regulated immune response. Inflammasomes are …

The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a large family of pore-forming toxins that
are produced by numerous Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. These toxins are released in …