Metastasis, the spread of cancer from a primary site to distant organs, is an important
challenge in oncology. This Review explores the complexities of immune escape …

Brain metastases signify a deleterious milestone in the progression of several advanced
cancers, predominantly originating from lung, breast and melanoma malignancies, with a …

Immunotherapies against brain metastases have shown clinical benefits when applied to
asymptomatic patients, but they are largely ineffective in symptomatic cases for unknown …

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an innate immune signaling protein critical to
infections, autoimmunity, and cancer. STING signaling is also emerging as an exciting and …

Background Metastasis, the spread, and growth of malignant cells at secondary sites within
a patient's body, accounts for over 90% of cancer-related mortality. Breast cancer is the most …

Cancer brain metastasis has a poor prognosis, is commonly observed in clinical practice,
and the number of cases is increasing as overall cancer survival improves. However …

Brain metastases represent a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of non-small-cell
lung cancer (NSCLC), often leading to a severe decline in patient prognosis and survival …

Brain metastasis poses formidable clinical challenges due to its intricate interactions with the
brain's unique immune environment, often resulting in poor prognoses. This review delves …

Under pathological conditions, the immune-specialized brain microenvironment contains
both resident microglia and bone marrow-derived myeloid cells recruited from peripheral …

Approximately 20% of cancer patients experience brain metastases in the advanced stages
as circulating tumor cells migrate to and colonize the brain microvasculature. Due to the …