▪ Abstract Most transport proteins in plant cells are energized by electrochemical gradients of
protons across the plasma membrane. The formation of these gradients is due to the action …

Transition metals such as Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn are essential minerals for normal plant growth
and development, although they can be toxic when present in excess. Thus, for healthy plant …

The essentiality of B for growth and development of plants is well-known, but the primary
functions of B still remain unknown. Evidence in the literature supports the idea that the …

To maintain and increase crop yields, large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers have been
applied to farmland. However, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of chemical fertilizer …

This article will cover historical and recent aspects of reactions and mechanisms involved in
the auxin-induced signalling cascade that terminates in the dramatic elongation growth of …

A total of 45 genes encoding for P-type ATPases have been identified in the complete
genome sequence of Arabidopsis. Thus, this plant harbors a primary transport capability not …

Calluses from two ecotypes of reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) plant (dune reed [DR] and
swamp reed [SR]), which show different sensitivity to salinity, were used to study plant …

The circulation of ions across biological membranes is a fundamental process of cellular
energetics (Harold, 1986). Indeed, ion currents play the key role in energy capture during …

The proton-pumping ATPase (H+-ATPase) of the plant plasma membrane generates the
proton motive force across the plasma membrane that is necessary to activate most of the …

The opening of stomata, which is driven by the accumulation of K+ salt in guard cells, is
induced by blue light (BL). The BL activates the H+ pump; however, the mechanism by …