Ovarian steroids normally exert homeostatic negative feedback on GnRH release. During
sustained exposure to elevated estradiol in the late follicular phase of the reproductive cycle …

Circadian rhythms and “clock gene” expression are involved in successful reproductive
cycles, mating, and pregnancy. Alterations or disruptions of biological rhythms, as commonly …

It has been well established that the circadian clock plays a crucial role in the regulation of
almost every physiological process. It also plays a critical role in pathophysiological states …

The preovulatory GnRH/LH surge depends on the presence of estradiol (E2) and is gated by
a circadian oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that causes the surge to occur …

The internal or circadian timing system is deeply integrated in female reproductive
physiology. Considerable details of rheostatic timing function in the neuroendocrine control …

T-type calcium channels are responsible for generating low-threshold spikes that facilitate
burst firing and neurotransmitter release in neurons. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone …

Burst firing of neurons optimizes neurotransmitter release. GnRH neurons exhibit burst firing
activity and T-type calcium channels, which are vital for burst firing activity, are regulated by …

Testosterone is produced by Leydig cells (LCs) and undergoes diurnal changes in serum
levels in rats, mice, and humans, but little is known in goats. The present study revealed that …

The hypothalamus integrates endogenous and exogenous inputs to control the pituitary–
gonadal axis. The ultimate hypothalamic influence on reproductive activity is mediated …

Accumulating evidence suggests that up to three different molecular species of GnRH
peptides encoded by different paralogs of gnrh genes are expressed by anatomically distinct …