In a striking display of trans-kingdom symbiosis, gut bacteria cooperate with their animal
hosts to regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic and nervous …

The microbiota, the gut, and the brain communicate through the microbiota-gut-brain axis in
a bidirectional way that involves the autonomic nervous system. The vagus nerve (VN), the …

The human body hosts an enormous abundance and diversity of microbes, which perform a
range of essential and beneficial functions. Our appreciation of the importance of these …

Studies using animal models have shown that depression affects the stability of the
microbiota, but the actual structure and composition in patients with major depressive …

There is growing evidence that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the
pathogenesis of both intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders. Intestinal disorders include …

The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous
system and the gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin functions as a key neurotransmitter at both …

Mounting evidence shows that the complex gut microbial ecosystem in the human
gastrointestinal (GI) tract regulates the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS) via …

There is a growing recognition of the importance of the commensal intestinal microbiota in
the development and later function of the central nervous system. Research using germ-free …

Introduction Some preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the positive impact of
probiotic supplementation on depressive symptoms. This paper aims to provide an updated …

There is a growing emphasis on the relationship between the microorganisms inhabiting the
gut (gastrointestinal microbiota) and human health. The emergence of a microbiota-gut …