Evolutionary game theory is a truly interdisciplinary subject that goes well beyond the limits
of biology. Mathematical minds get hooked up in simple models for evolution and often …

Extensive cooperation among unrelated individuals is unique to humans, who often sacrifice
personal benefits for the common good and work together to achieve what they are unable …

Rock is wrapped by paper, paper is cut by scissors and scissors are crushed by rock. This
simple game is popular among children and adults to decide on trivial disputes that have no …

Punishment is a popular tool when governing commons in situations where free riders
would otherwise take over. It is well known that sanctioning systems, such as the police and …

Covering the major topics of evolutionary game theory, Game-Theoretical Models in Biology,
Second Edition presents both abstract and practical mathematical models of real biological …

Entrusting the power to punish to a central authority is a hallmark of civilization, yet informal
or horizontal sanctions have attracted more attention of late. We study experimentally a …

Rewarding cooperation is in many ways expected behaviour from social players. However,
strategies that promote antisocial behaviour are also surprisingly common, not just in human …

Prosocial behaviours are encountered in the donation game, the prisoner's dilemma,
relaxed social dilemmas and public goods games. Many studies assume that the population …

The prevalence of cooperation among humans is puzzling because cooperators can be
exploited by free riders. Peer punishment has been suggested as a solution to this puzzle …

Individuals usually punish free riders but refuse to sanction those who cooperate but do not
punish. This missing second-order peer punishment is a fundamental problem for the …