The electric arc furnace is the main process unit in scrap‐based steelmaking. Owing to its
importance, numerous mathematical models for predicting the course of the electric arc …

The electric arc furnace has been the subject of extensive research due to its complex and
chaotic nature. Machine learning methods provide a powerful forensic examination of …

Two strategies to use a rotary hearth furnace (RHF) are discussed from the perspectives of
techno-economics and CO 2 reduction. One is to use the RHF to produce low-reduced iron …

In the steel industry, the optimization of production processes has become increasingly
important in recent years. Large amounts of historical data and various machine learning …

Machine learning (ML) is a promising modeling framework that has previously been used in
the context of optimizing steel processes. However, many of the more advanced ML models …

Wear protection materials, especially those for high-temperature service, often contain
substantial amounts of chromium, cobalt and/or nickel and/or with embedded hard phases …

Recycling plays a vital role in preserving resources like steel and consequently in a circular
economy. Scrap dealers and steel mills, the main business units in this system, often …

Operation of the electric arc furnaces (EAFs) is a subject to consider fluctuations in terms of
its key performance indicators, such as the electrical energy consumption (EEC), tap-to-tap …

Steel production is a highly energy-and emission-intensive process. Compared to the
production via the integrated route, the melting of recycled steel scrap and directly reduced …

The melting time of scrap is a factor that affects the Electrical Energy (EE) consumption of the
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process. The EE consumption itself stands for most of the total …