The progression from gestation into lactation represents the transition period, and it is
accompanied by marked physiological, metabolic, and inflammatory adjustments. The entire …

Within the first few days of life, humans are colonized by commensal intestinal microbiota.
Here, we review recent findings showing that microbiota are important in normal healthy …

Objective Intestinal permeability and psychological stress have been implicated in the
pathophysiology of IBD and IBS. Studies in animals suggest that stress increases …

Alcohol consumption and stress increase brain levels of known innate immune signaling
molecules. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, and neurons respond to alcohol …

There is now an expanding volume of evidence to support the view that commensal
organisms within the gut play a role in early programming and later responsivity of the stress …

Nutritional and microbiological psychiatry, especially the contribution of the gut microbiota to
depression, has become a promising research field over the past several decades. An …

Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body
systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which …

There is an important relationship between probiotics, psychobiotics and cognitive and
behavioral processes, which include neurological, metabolic, hormonal and immunological …

The physiological consequences of stress often manifest in the gastrointestinal tract.
Traumatic or chronic stress is associated with widespread maladaptive changes throughout …

Early life stress is a predisposing factor for the development of chronic intestinal disorders in
adult life. Here, we show that stress associated with early weaning in pigs leads to impaired …