Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological
studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research …

Due to the intrinsic non-invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, high safety, and real-time
capabilities, besides diagnostic imaging, ultrasound as a typical mechanical wave has been …

INTRODUCTION Stem cell–derived organoids are in vitro tissue and organ mimetics that
have enormous potential as models for human organ development and disease, as …

In situ tissue regeneration harnesses the body's regenerative potential to control cell
functions for tissue repair. The design of biomaterials for in situ tissue engineering requires …

Abstract 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by
computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner …

Solid organs transport fluids through distinct vascular networks that are biophysically and
biochemically entangled, creating complex three-dimensional (3D) transport regimes that …

Light-based vat-polymerization bioprinting enables computer-aided patterning of 3D cell-
laden structures in a point-by-point, layer-by-layer or volumetric manner, using vat (vats) …

Hydrogel plays a vital role in cell-laden three dimensional (3D) bioprinting, whereas those
hydrogels mimic the physical and biochemical characteristics of native extracellular matrix …

Hydrogel scaffolds that can repair or regrow damaged biological tissue have great potential
for the treatment of injury and disease. These biomaterials are widely used in the tissue …

Chemically modified biomacromolecules─ ie, proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids─
have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to …