A central goal in biology is to determine the ways in which evolution repeats itself. One of the
most remarkable examples in nature of convergent evolutionary novelty is animal venom …

There is now compelling evidence that many arthropods pattern their segments using a
clock-and-wavefront mechanism, analogous to that operating during vertebrate …

Bilaterality–the possession of two orthogonal body axes–is the name-giving trait of all
bilaterian animals. These body axes are established during early embryogenesis and serve …

Homeobox genes are key toolkit genes that regulate the development of metazoans and
changes in their regulation and copy number have contributed to the evolution of phenotypic …

The anterior-most unit of the crown-group arthropod body plan includes three segments, the
pre-gnathal segments, that contain three neuromeres that together comprise the brain …

A key problem in development is to understand how genes turn on or off at the right place
and right time during embryogenesis. Such decisions are made by non-coding sequences …

Spiders are a diverse order of chelicerates that diverged from other arthropods over 500
million years ago. Research on spider embryogenesis, particularly studies using the …

Long-germ insects, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, pattern their segments
simultaneously, whereas short-germ insects, such as the beetle Tribolium castaneum …

The Wnt genes represent a large family of secreted glycoprotein ligands that date back to
early animal evolution. Multiple duplication events generated a set of 13 Wnt families of …

The basal phylogeny of Chelicerata is one of the opaquest parts of the animal Tree of Life,
defying resolution despite application of thousands of loci and millions of sites. At the …