Background The skeleton plays a critical structural role in bearing functional loads, and
failure to do so results in fracture. As we evaluate new therapeutics and consider treatments …

Bone growth in length is primarily achieved through the action of chondrocytes in the
proliferative and hypertrophic zones of the growth plate. Longitudinal growth is controlled by …

Rat and mouse femur and tibia fracture calluses were collected over various time increments
of healing. Serial sections were produced at spatial segments across the fracture callus …

After bone fracture, various cellular activities lead to the formation of different tissue types,
which form the basis for the process of secondary bone healing. Although these tissues …

Studies of rodents have shown that both forced and voluntary chronic exercise cause
increased hindlimb bone diameter, mass, and strength. Among species of …

The medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, is an emerging vertebrate model and now has a high
quality draft genome and a number of unique mutants. The long history of medaka research …

Gestational diabetes is a common pregnancy complication that adversely influences the
health and survival of mother and child. Pancreatic islet serotonin signaling plays an …

Common diseases result from the complex relationship between genetic and environmental
factors. The aim of this review is to provide perspective for a conceptual framework aimed at …

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies of a skeletal trait or a few related skeletal components
are becoming commonplace, but as yet there has been no investigation of pleiotropic …

The genetic variants contributing to variability in skeletal traits have been well studied, and
several hundred quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been mapped and several genes …