The objective of fully mechanizing olive harvesting has been pursued since the 1970s to
cope with labor shortages and increasing production costs. Only in the last twenty years …

Manual harvesting of fruits is an expensive, time‐consuming, and labor‐intensive operation.
Due to labor shortages in the late 1950s, mechanical harvesters were developed to reduce …

Agrivoltaic systems provide a promising solution for mitigating the competition for land
between food and energy production. This study examines the performance of an agrivoltaic …

Crop 3D modeling allows site-specific management at different crop stages. In recent years,
light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have been widely used for gathering …

Mechanized harvesting technologies with shaking systems for fruit industry have been
widely investigated and significantly developed over the past several decades which were …

The production of olive oil in Portugal and other countries of the Mediterranean region has
greatly increased in recent years. Intensification efforts have focused on the growth of the …

Modern almond growing travels on the tracks of super-high density (SHD). Born in 2010, it
has already reached 6700 ha planted all over the world. This new cultivation system needs …

The leaf inclination angle is a fundamental variable for determining the plant profile. In this
study, the leaf inclination angle was estimated automatically from voxel-based three …

The increase in the demand for almonds, the development of novel self-fertile and late-
flowering varieties, and the establishment of plantations in new irrigated areas have led to …

This article introduces a collection of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT),
Internet of Things (IoT), and Industry 4.0 technologies utilized in (or applicable to) biomass …