Coastal zones, the world's most densely populated regions, are increasingly threatened by
climate change stressors—rising and warming seas, intensifying storms and droughts, and …

Scientists have advocated for local interventions, such as creating marine protected areas
and implementing fishery restrictions, as ways to mitigate local stressors to limit the effects of …

Decades of overexploitation have devastated shark populations, leaving considerable doubt
as to their ecological status,. Yet much of what is known about sharks has been inferred from …

Tropical reef systems are transitioning to a new era in which the interval between recurrent
bouts of coral bleaching is too short for a full recovery of mature assemblages. We analyzed …

Sharks, rays, and chimaeras (Class Chondrichthyes; herein 'sharks') are the earliest extant
jawed vertebrates and exhibit some of the greatest functional diversity of all vertebrates …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an essential tool for reversing the global degradation of
ocean life. Hence, it is important to know which types of MPAs are more effective, and under …

Degradation of coastal water quality in the form of low dissolved oxygen levels (hypoxia) can
harm biodiversity, ecosystem function, and human wellbeing. Extreme hypoxic conditions …

Ever since Darwin's early descriptions of coral reefs, scientists have debated how one of the
world's most productive and diverse ecosystems can thrive in the marine equivalent of a …

Sharks are considered the apex predator of coral reefs, but the consequences of their global
depletion are uncertain. Here we explore the ecological roles of sharks on coral reefs and …

Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for
millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence …