Highlights•Boom of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors to illuminate anions in
biology.•Approaches to design and engineer anion biosensors.•Biosensors for chloride …

Beyond its role as the “queen of electrolytes”, chloride can also serve as an allosteric
regulator or even a signaling ion. To illuminate this essential anion across such a spectrum …

Genetically encoded pH sensors based on fluorescent proteins are valuable tools for the
imaging of cellular events that are associated with pH changes, such as exocytosis and …

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors became indispensable tools for biological
research, enabling real-time observation of physiological processes in live cells. Recent …

A chemigenetic indicator with an affinity suitable for imaging of intracellular sodium ions
(Na+) in mammalian cells was developed. The indicator, based on a chimera of green …

Inarguably, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) family is an exemplary model for protein
engineering, accessing a range of unparalleled functions and utility in biology. The first …

Chloride is a ubiquitous ion essential for regulating biological processes. Long thought to be
just a counterion in biological systems, chloride is emerging as a vital anion that plays a …

Promiscuity, or selectivity on a spectrum, is an encoded feature in biomolecular anion
recognition. To unravel the molecular drivers of promiscuous anion recognition, we have …

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors became indispensable tools for biological
research enabling real-time observation of physiological processes in live cells. Recent …